![]() ![]() The main mechanism causing the diffuse axonal injury is acceleration and deceleration. Depending on how extensive the injury is and how early the treatment is started, some people may get full recovered, while others may not. ![]() As many parts of the brain are affected in diffuse axonal injury, it’s always severe and can even become life-threatening sometimes. However, conservative management is only an option. The prognosis of Diffuse Axonal injury is not satisfactory. Additionally, the nerve cells become swollen, disturbing the nerve signals. As a result, the extensive axonal or white matter injury occurs along with several micro tears. Those injuries generating the shearing force in the neurons promote the brain tissues to sliding over one another. Fractures, wounds, and cuts appear externally, but, what happens when internal injuries persist and give the severe symptoms?ĭiffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) is a type of traumatic brain injury. "We observed that the new tissue could be stimulated in a similar way to healthy brain tissue, providing the first evidence of the benefits of including oxygen delivery within a hydrogel to achieve the long-term survival and integration of stem cell transplants.The accidents of Road traffic injuries are increasing at a rapid rate nowadays, due to which a person can lose their life or become disabled. Analysis at 28 days after delivery of the hydrogel revealed significantly enhanced survival and growth of the new stem cells that are needed for healthy brain functioning, compared with a hydrogel without myoglobin," Professor Parish said. "We saw that the hydrogel incorporating myoglobin and stem cells repaired injured brain tissue. University of Melbourne Professor Clare Parish conducted the mouse studies and said the results were achieved in injured brain tissue, raising the possibility for growing new tissue for future human treatment. Similarly, horses are thought to have evolved higher concentrations of myoglobin so they could run over longer distances. Whales and other deep-diving animals are thought to have evolved high concentrations of myoglobin in their muscle tissue so they could slowly absorb as much oxygen as possible while diving. Over five years of research, the team discovered that a synthetic protein based on myoglobin - a natural protein found in high concentrations in the heart muscles of sperm whales and horses - added to their hydrogel provided the sustained oxygen release needed to ensure stem cells survive the delivery process and develop into the type of cells needed to repair brain tissue. "Proof of concept has now been demonstrated within the brain of mice, but the research represents a generalisable strategy for developing injectable nanomaterials for a diverse range of applications, including cell transplantation, gene and drug delivery, 3D in vitro disease models and organ-on-a-chip technology," Professor Jackson said. ![]() Professor Jackson said the breakthrough will interest researchers and clinicians globally and is likely to lead to many revolutionary medical treatments. There are currently no treatments that can reverse these conditions." "Very few drug treatments can treat conditions like stroke or Parkinson's Disease and they have little efficacy. So, we need a temporary blood supply to support cells until the blood system repairs. Professor Nisbet said: "After an injury such as a stroke, there is a dead area in the brain, including the blood system. The team that developed the hydrogel is co-led by University of Melbourne Professor David Nisbet, Director of The Graeme Clark Institute for Biomedical Engineering and The Australian National University (ANU) Professor Colin Jackson, a member of both the Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, and Synthetic Biology Australian Research Council Centres of Excellence. Researchers believe this advance will benefit stem cell treatments in many other parts of the body beyond the brain and central nervous system. The hydrogel supplies both the stem cells and oxygen needed to keep stem cells alive during the injection process and to ensure the stem cells evolve into the type of cells needed to create new tissue to repair damage. ![]() Published in Nature Communications, the proof-of-concept breakthrough solves a major challenge faced by stem cell researchers since the 1980s - keeping stem cells alive for long enough to allow them to evolve into the cells required to create new tissue when they are inserted into a damaged part of the body. A hydrogel is a water-based gel that can be used to deliver substances into the body and can be used to promote the effective growth of new cells. ![]()
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